Difference between revisions of "BootMii"

	Warning!
	This homebrew cannot be used on the vWii. Attempting to use this homebrew on the vWii may result in the app not working, or may render the system unusable.

	NOTICE
	This homebrew application makes permanent changes to the Wii's NAND, thus, this application should be used with caution.

	BootMii
General
Author(s)	fail0verflow
Type	Loader
Version	1.5
License	GPL v2
Links
	Download
	Source
Peripherals

Latest revision as of 17:07, 11 October 2024

See also: mini

BootMii is a system designed by Team Twiizers to enable complete low-level control of the Wii. It allows the Wii to be controlled mere moments after the On button has been pressed, before any IOS has been loaded and before the NAND filesystem has been read.

BootMii-boot2 runs on every boot. However, BootMii-IOS can be launched from the Homebrew Channel from the menu that pops up when the HOME Button is pressed.

BootMii with Related Software

BootMii comes in a group of four pieces of software:

HackMii Installer -- This is a simple ELF file which may be run using your favorite method (HBC, str2hax, or any other exploit which can load standard executables). It checks your Wii to make sure it can safely be modified, saves some vital data for disaster recovery, and installs the rest of the components.
BootMii -- This is a small bit of ARM code which is injected into boot2 or IOS254, replacing Nintendo's internal ELF loader. When run, it looks to see if an SD card is inserted. If so, it tries to load and execute /bootmii/armboot.bin instead of boot2. Otherwise, it will fall back to loading boot2.
mini -- This is a rudimentary replacement for IOS that is best suited for low-level recovery functions. Source code is available under GPLv2 here.
CEIL1NG_CAT (or bootmii-ppc) -- When mini runs, it looks for a file named /bootmii/ppcboot.elf on the SD card. If it exists, mini loads this executable into memory, boots up the Broadway (ppc) and executes that binary in parallel with mini. Source code is available under GPLv2 at (tbd).

Both mini and CEIL1NG_CAT must be present in order to draw a user interface, because the Starlet cannot directly access the Video Interface.

Benefits

BootMii allows anything from Recovery modes (creating a practically unbrickable Wii), to lazy access of the Homebrew Channel. For example, if you have corrupted the System Menu, you can use DOP-Mii to reinstall the System Menu. Unfortunately, all homebrew currently require an IOS, because libogc requires one. However, there is mini (a homebrew IOS-like software), which can be modified specifically for the program, ie, for better communication to the Linux kernel.

How it works

BootMii-boot2 is a modified version of boot2's ELF loader, which is loaded by boot1, which is loaded by boot0. boot0 is part of Hollywood and read-only. boot1, although stored on the NAND, is signed by a value in write-once memory and therefore cannot be changed without rendering a console unable to boot. boot2, however, can be modified (with some restrictions). This means it can be hacked, updated, and corrupted. BootMii hijacks the boot process before the normal boot2 is run, optionally allowing code to be run directly from the SD Card. This has many advantages, such as making it very difficult to brick, and slowing Nintendo from blocking homebrew. Unfortunately, the only way we could completely stop Nintendo from blocking homebrew is by patching updates on-the-fly, or somehow preventing overwriting boot2. Along with the 4.2 update, Nintendo released a new version of boot2 (boot2v4); there is nothing in boot2v4 that prevents BootMii from working, but it will overwrite an existing BootMii installation when it is installed.

The space normally allocated for the ELF loader is split into two sections itself for technical reasons; the first section is a custom ELF loader that loads the second section. The second section checks to see if an SD card is inserted; if so, it loads /bootmii/armboot.bin and executed it. Otherwise, it loads the real boot2, which remains intact when BootMii-boot2 is installed.

BootMii also only installs into the first copy of boot2. There are two major advantages to this: first, if the installation is interrupted, the second copy will still function normally to boot; second, when boot2 is loaded by BC, an updated version of BC will reject BootMii due to an invalid signature, but the second copy can still be loaded fine. For versions of BC with fakesigning, mini includes code to go directly to boot2 to ensure MIOS loads fine.

Compatibility

BootMii should be compatible with most Wiis released before late 2008. Support for newer Wiis (with reduced functionality) will have to install BootMii as an IOS

For an SD card compatibility list, See SD Card Compatibility List.

Required hardware

BootMii will not require any special hardware. However, special hardware might help accomplish things that BootMii by itself cannot, such as hardware NAND write protection and isolation from the Nintendo software stack. No such hardware exists yet though.

The new boot1

Consoles made after some point in 2008 (no concrete date is known) have a new version of boot1 that patches the signing bug which allows the console to boot a boot2 not properly signed. The Hackmii Installer will detect this situation and refuse to modify boot2 (see more at Hackmii). Since boot1 cannot be updated without a hash collison, all consoles already manufactured before this update are safe. About 10% of the consoles that ran the BootMii Checker tool have the new boot1, however, this percentage is now higher, as BootMii Checker was distributed shortly after boot1c was released.

Media

Video source: Marcan's early BootMii demo. The hardware mod in the video is unrelated to BootMii.

History

v1.5

Changelog not released
Open sourced in August 2022

v1.4

Fixed integer overflow when calculating SD card free space
Changed IOS TMD version to 65281 to prevent it from being repeatedly erased.

Beta 5 (v1.2)

Compatible with more SD cards.

Beta 3 (v1.0)

Improved the SD card compatibility

Beta 2 (v0.9)

SD card performance has been improved, decreasing the boot and the NAND backup / restore time

Beta 1

First Public Release

External links

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 | title       = BootMii
 | image       = [[File:BootMii Logo.png|128px]]
-| author      = [[Team Twiizers]]
+| author      = [[fail0verflow]]
 | version     = 1.5
+| type        = loader
 | download    = http://bootmii.org/download/
-| source      = http://gitweb.bootmii.org
+| source      = https://github.com/fail0verflow/bootmii
-| peripherals = {{GCNController}} {{FrontSD}} {{FrontSDHC}} {{Wii}}
+| license     = GPL v2
+| peripherals = {{FrontSD}} {{FrontSDHC}} {{GCController}}
 }}
-{{Modifies NAND}}
+{{Modifies NAND|bmapl=yes}}
-'''BootMii''' is a system designed by [[Team Twiizers]] to enable complete low-level control of the Wii. It allows the Wii to be controlled mere moments after the On button has been pressed, before any [[IOS]] has been loaded and before the [[NAND]] filesystem has been read. BootMii can be launched from the [[Homebrew Channel]] from the menu that pops up when the home button is pressed.
+{{No vWii}}
-== Controls ==
+'''BootMii''' is a system designed by [[Team Twiizers]] to enable complete low-level control of the Wii. It allows the Wii to be controlled mere moments after the On button has been pressed, before any [[IOS]] has been loaded and before the [[NAND]] filesystem has been read.
-{| class="wikitable" style="left;text-align:center;"
-! {{Wii}}               !! {{GCNController}} !! Family Trainer Pad !! Action
+BootMii-[[boot2]] runs on every boot. However, BootMii-IOS can be launched from the [[Homebrew Channel]] from the menu that pops up when the HOME Button is pressed.
-|-
-|                       || {{GCDPadLeft}}    || minus              || Previous Option
-|-
-| {{WiiPowerButton}}    || {{GCDPadRight}}   || Blue Down          || Next option
-|-
-| {{WiiResetButton}}    || {{GCAButton}}     || Orange Square      || Select option
-|}
-== Architecture ==
+== BootMii with Related Software ==
-BootMii is comprised by four pieces of software:
+BootMii comes in a group of four pieces of software:
-*'''Installer''' -- This is a simple ELF file which may be run using your favorite method (HBC, [[Twilight Hack]], or any other exploit which can load standard executables). It checks your Wii to make sure it can safely be modified, saves some vital data for disaster recovery, and installs the rest of the components. It is now integrated into the HackMii Installer.
+* '''[[HackMii Installer]]''' -- This is a simple ELF file which may be run using your favorite method (HBC, [[str2hax]], or any other exploit which can load standard executables). It checks your Wii to make sure it can safely be modified, saves some vital data for disaster recovery, and installs the rest of the components.
-*'''Loader stub''' -- This is a small bit of ARM code which is injected into [[boot2]], replacing Nintendo's internal ELF loader. When run, it looks to see if an SD card is inserted. If so, it tries to load and execute /bootmii/armboot.bin instead of '''boot2'''. Otherwise, it will fall back to loading '''boot2'''.
+* '''BootMii''' -- This is a small bit of ARM code which is injected into [[boot2]] or [[IOS254]], replacing Nintendo's internal ELF loader. When run, it looks to see if an SD card is inserted. If so, it tries to load and execute /bootmii/armboot.bin instead of boot2. Otherwise, it will fall back to loading boot2.
-*'''[[mini]]''' -- This is a rudimentary replacement for IOS that is best suited for low-level recovery functions. Source code is available under GPLv2 [http://gitweb.bootmii.org/?a=summary&p=mini here].
+* '''[[mini]]''' -- This is a rudimentary replacement for IOS that is best suited for low-level recovery functions. Source code is available under GPLv2 [https://github.com/fail0verflow/mini here].
-*'''BootMii''' (or bootmii-ppc) -- When mini runs, it looks for a file named /bootmii/ppcboot.elf on the SD card. If it exists, mini loads this executable into memory, boots up the {{hw|Broadway}} (ppc) and executes that binary in parallel with mini. Source code is available under GPLv2 at (tbd).
+* '''[[CEIL1NG_CAT]]''' (or bootmii-ppc) -- When mini runs, it looks for a file named /bootmii/ppcboot.elf on the SD card. If it exists, mini loads this executable into memory, boots up the {{hw|Broadway}} (ppc) and executes that binary in parallel with mini. Source code is available under GPLv2 at (tbd).
-Both mini and bootmii-ppc must be present in order to draw a user interface, because the [[Starlet]] cannot directly access the {{hw|Video Interface}}.
+Both mini and CEIL1NG_CAT must be present in order to draw a user interface, because the [[Starlet]] cannot directly access the {{hw|Video Interface}}.
 == Benefits ==
-BootMii allows anything from Recovery modes (creating a practically unbrickable Wii), to lazy access of the [[Homebrew Channel]]. For example, if you have corrupted the [[System Menu]], you can use [[DOP-Mii]] to reinstall the [[System Menu]]. Unfortunately, all homebrew currently require an [[IOS]], because [[libogc]] requires one. However, there is [[Mini]] (a homebrew IOS-like software), which can be modified specifically for the program, ie, for better communication to the Linux kernel.
+BootMii allows anything from Recovery modes (creating a practically unbrickable Wii), to lazy access of the [[Homebrew Channel]]. For example, if you have corrupted the [[System Menu]], you can use [[DOP-Mii]] to reinstall the System Menu. Unfortunately, all homebrew currently require an [[IOS]], because [[libogc]] requires one. However, there is [[mini]] (a homebrew IOS-like software), which can be modified specifically for the program, ie, for better communication to the Linux kernel.
 == How it works ==
-BootMii is a modified version of [[boot2]], which is loaded by [[boot1]], which is loaded by [[boot0]]. '''boot0''' is part of [[Hollywood]] and read-only. '''boot1''', although stored on the [[NAND]], is signed by a value in write-once memory and therefore cannot be changed without rendering a console unable to boot. '''boot2''', however, can be modified (with some restrictions). This means it can be hacked, updated, and corrupted. BootMii hijacks the [[boot process]] before the normal '''boot2''' is run, optionally allowing code to be run directly from the SD Card. This has many advantages, such as making it very difficult to [[brick]], and slowing Nintendo from blocking homebrew. Unfortunately, the only way we could completely stop Nintendo from blocking homebrew is by patching updates on-the-fly, or somehow preventing overwriting '''boot2'''. Along with the [[System Menu 4.2]] update, Nintendo released a new version of '''boot2''' (boot2v4); there is nothing in boot2v4 that prevents BootMii from working, but it will overwrite an existing BootMii installation when it is installed.
+BootMii-boot2 is a modified version of [[boot2]]'s [[Starlet ELF Loader|ELF loader]], which is loaded by [[boot1]], which is loaded by [[boot0]]. boot0 is part of [[Hollywood]] and read-only. boot1, although stored on the [[NAND]], is signed by a value in write-once memory and therefore cannot be changed without rendering a console unable to boot. boot2, however, can be modified (with some restrictions). This means it can be hacked, updated, and corrupted. BootMii hijacks the [[boot process]] before the normal boot2 is run, optionally allowing code to be run directly from the SD Card. This has many advantages, such as making it very difficult to [[brick]], and slowing Nintendo from blocking homebrew. Unfortunately, the only way we could completely stop Nintendo from blocking homebrew is by patching updates on-the-fly, or somehow preventing overwriting boot2. Along with the [[4.2]] update, Nintendo released a new version of boot2 ([[boot2v4]]); there is nothing in boot2v4 that prevents BootMii from working, but it will overwrite an existing BootMii installation when it is installed.
+The space normally allocated for the ELF loader is split into two sections itself for technical reasons; the first section is a custom ELF loader that loads the second section. The second section checks to see if an SD card is inserted; if so, it loads <code>/bootmii/armboot.bin</code> and executed it. Otherwise, it loads the real boot2, which remains intact when BootMii-boot2 is installed.
+BootMii also only installs into the first copy of boot2. There are two major advantages to this: first, if the installation is interrupted, the second copy will still function normally to boot; second, when boot2 is loaded by [[BC]], an updated version of BC will reject BootMii due to an invalid signature, but the second copy can still be loaded fine. For versions of BC with fakesigning, [[mini]] includes code to go directly to boot2 to ensure [[MIOS]] loads fine.
+<!-- TODO: BootMii-IOS -->
 == Compatibility ==
@@ Line 47: / Line 48: @@
 == The new boot1 ==
-Consoles made after some point in 2008 (no concrete date is known) have a new version of [[boot1]] that patches the vulnerability which allows the console to boot a modified [[boot2]]. The Hackmii Installer will detect this situation and refuse to modify '''boot2'''(see more at [http://hackmii.com/2009/02/bootmii-and-the-new-boot1/ Hackmii]). Since '''boot1''' cannot be updated, all consoles already manufactured before this update are safe. About 10% of the consoles that ran the BootMii Checker tool have the new '''boot1'''.
+Consoles made after some point in 2008 (no concrete date is known) have a new version of [[boot1]] that patches the [[signing bug]]  which allows the console to boot a [[boot2]] not properly signed. The Hackmii Installer will detect this situation and refuse to modify boot2 (see more at [http://hackmii.com/2009/02/bootmii-and-the-new-boot1/ Hackmii]). Since boot1 cannot be updated without a hash collison, all consoles already manufactured before this update are safe. About 10% of the consoles that ran the BootMii Checker tool have the new boot1, however, this percentage is now higher, as BootMii Checker was distributed shortly after boot1c was released.
-== Console Keys and keys.bin ==
-Instead of using [[WiiND]], you can retrieve your console keys from the keys.bin file that BootMii v3+ produces when backing up the [[NAND]]. To view them, open keys.bin with a hex editor.<br />
-Here are the offsets for each key:
-<pre>
-boot1 hash: 0x100 (20 bytes)
-Common key (AES): 0x114 (16 bytes)
-Console ID: 0x124 (4 bytes)
-ECC Private Key: 0x128 (30 bytes)
-NAND HMAC: 0x144 (20 bytes)
-NAND AES key: 0x158 (16 bytes)
-PRNG seed (AES): 0x168 (16 bytes)
-ng_key_id: 0x208 (4 bytes)
-ng_sig: 0x20c (60 bytes)</pre>
-For a full description of the purpose of each key, see [http://hackmii.com/2008/04/keys-keys-keys/ this writeup on HackMii].
 == Media ==
-[[File:Bootmii_screenshot.png|right|thumb|200px|Screenshot. Click for larger image.]]
 {|
 |-
@@ Line 79: / Line 62: @@
 == History ==
+=== v1.5 ===
+* Changelog not released
+* Open sourced in August 2022
 === v1.4 ===
-* Stopped the "queueing" of the eject button press when confirming dangerous operations
 * Fixed integer overflow when calculating SD card free space
+* Changed IOS [[TMD]] version to 65281 to prevent it from being repeatedly erased.
-=== Beta 6 (v1.3) ===
-* Fixed the freeze when using the autoboot feature to load System Menu with a delay of zero.
-* The NAND backup no longer crashes when stumbling on uncorrectable pages.
-* A couple of fixes to the integrated SD browser.
-* The autoboot feature is ignored when launching the IOS version of BootMii.
 === Beta 5 (v1.2) ===
 *Compatible with more SD cards.
-*New font, borrowed from the deceased [[Twilight Hack]].
-*The button combination when restoring a NAND backup with only BootMii/IOS was impossible to perform with some pads. It has been changed to the Konami Code.
-=== Beta 4 (v1.1) ===
-* Properly write the keys to nand.bin :
-** This fixes the “NAND dump is from another Wii” issue on restoring beta 3 backups. If you don’t know how to fix those dumps, you have to backup the NAND again. Dumps from all other versions are not affected.
 === Beta 3 (v1.0) ===
-* Improved the SD card compability
+* Improved the SD card compatibility
-* Increased the backup/restore speed for some SD cards, but decreased it for others :P
-* Fix GPIO input for all Wiis
-* Wavebird support
-* Fixed a silly bug where [[NAND]] backups were left as 0 byte files
-* Keys are now saved to SD as /bootmii/keys.bin too
 === Beta 2 (v0.9) ===
 * SD card performance has been improved, decreasing the boot and the NAND backup / restore time
-* backupmii accepts fragmented SD cards now, reformatting is not performed anymore. Old NAND dumps are still compatible.
-* Introduced the INI variable “BOOTDELAY” to set the timeout for the auto boot feature
 === Beta 1 ===
@@ Line 118: / Line 85: @@
 * http://www.hackmii.com/
 * http://www.bootmii.org/
+{{Navbox fail0verflow}}