In memory of Ben “bushing” Byer, who passed away on Monday, February 8th, 2016.

Difference between revisions of "Certificate chain"

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(→‎Key types: Add public key type 2 (ECC-B233))
(Add certificate chain)
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Certificate chains are intensively used to sign stuff on the Wii. They are normally preceded by a [[Tmd file structure|TMD file]] or a [[Ticket]] and are used to verify their signature up to the root key. Most chains contain three certificates, each padded to 0x40.
 
Certificate chains are intensively used to sign stuff on the Wii. They are normally preceded by a [[Tmd file structure|TMD file]] or a [[Ticket]] and are used to verify their signature up to the root key. Most chains contain three certificates, each padded to 0x40.
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Certificates are also used to sign game savedata that is copied to the SD card. Saves are signed by Root-CA00000001-MS00000002-NGxxxxxxxx-AP0000000100000002 where AP is the system menu application cert (ECC/ECC public key), NG the device specific cert (ECC/ECC public key).
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=== Certificates ===
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{| class="wikitable"
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! Certificate
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! Signature type
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! Public key type
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! Cert name
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! Description
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|-
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| Root
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| RSA-4096
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| RSA-4096
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| Root
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| Root certificate stored in the IOS kernel, in the IOSC section
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|-
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| CA
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| RSA-4096
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| RSA-2048
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| CA00000001
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| Used to verify XS, CP, MS certs (issued by Root)
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|-
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| CA
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| RSA-4096
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| RSA-2048
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| CA00000002
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| Unused? (issued by Root)
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|-
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| Ticket
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| RSA-2048
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| RSA-2048
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| XS00000003
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| Used to verify retail tickets (issued by Root-CA00000001)
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|-
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| Ticket
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| RSA-2048
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| RSA-2048
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| XS00000006
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| Used to verify dev tickets (issued by Root-CA00000001)
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|-
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| TMD
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| RSA-2048
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| RSA-2048
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| CP00000004
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| Used to verify TMDs (issued by Root-CA00000001)
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|-
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| Device cert issuer
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| RSA-2048
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| ECC-B233
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| MS00000002
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| Used to verify device certificates (issued by Root-CA00000001)
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|-
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| Device cert issuer
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| RSA-2048
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| ECC-B233
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| MS00000003
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| Unused? (issued by Root-CA00000001)
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|-
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| Device cert
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| ECC-B233
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| ECC-B233
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| NG%08x (device ID)
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| Used to verify AP certs (issued by Root-CA00000001-MS00000002)
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|-
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| Application
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| ECC-B233
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| ECC-B233
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| AP%016lx (title ID)
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| Used to verify savedata (issued by Root-CA00000001-MS00000002-NG%08x)
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|}
  
 
=== Child/Parent ===
 
=== Child/Parent ===

Revision as of 21:16, 17 May 2018

Certificate chains are intensively used to sign stuff on the Wii. They are normally preceded by a TMD file or a Ticket and are used to verify their signature up to the root key. Most chains contain three certificates, each padded to 0x40.

Certificates are also used to sign game savedata that is copied to the SD card. Saves are signed by Root-CA00000001-MS00000002-NGxxxxxxxx-AP0000000100000002 where AP is the system menu application cert (ECC/ECC public key), NG the device specific cert (ECC/ECC public key).

Certificates

Certificate Signature type Public key type Cert name Description
Root RSA-4096 RSA-4096 Root Root certificate stored in the IOS kernel, in the IOSC section
CA RSA-4096 RSA-2048 CA00000001 Used to verify XS, CP, MS certs (issued by Root)
CA RSA-4096 RSA-2048 CA00000002 Unused? (issued by Root)
Ticket RSA-2048 RSA-2048 XS00000003 Used to verify retail tickets (issued by Root-CA00000001)
Ticket RSA-2048 RSA-2048 XS00000006 Used to verify dev tickets (issued by Root-CA00000001)
TMD RSA-2048 RSA-2048 CP00000004 Used to verify TMDs (issued by Root-CA00000001)
Device cert issuer RSA-2048 ECC-B233 MS00000002 Used to verify device certificates (issued by Root-CA00000001)
Device cert issuer RSA-2048 ECC-B233 MS00000003 Unused? (issued by Root-CA00000001)
Device cert ECC-B233 ECC-B233 NG%08x (device ID) Used to verify AP certs (issued by Root-CA00000001-MS00000002)
Application ECC-B233 ECC-B233 AP%016lx (title ID) Used to verify savedata (issued by Root-CA00000001-MS00000002-NG%08x)

Child/Parent

Because each certificate is used to sign another certificate or the TMD/Ticket and also is signed by another certificate or the root key each certificate has a child and a parent certificate.

To get the parent issuer name of a certificate just cut off everything after the last "-" of the issuer name. If this issuer name is "Root" the root key is used to sign the certificate otherwise another certificate in the chain is used.

To get the child you have to append a "-" and the stored child identity to the issuer name. If the child is not in the certificate chain the certificate is used to sign the TMD/Ticket (which will contain the child's name in its issuer field).

The TMD/Ticket is therefore effectively signed by the root key because if any of the certificates is modified some signature check will fail and the IOS will know that you changed something.

Signature types

The following signature types may be used by a certificate:

Type Name Signature Length (x)
0x00010000 RSA-4096 0x200
0x00010001 RSA-2048 0x100
0x00010002 Elliptic Curve 0x40

Key types

The following key types may be used by a certificate:

Type Name Length (y) = Modulus + Public Exponent + (Pad to 0x40)
0x00000000 RSA-4096 0x200 + 0x4 + 0x38
0x00000001 RSA-2048 0x100 + 0x4 + 0x38
0x00000002 ECC-B233 60 + 0 + 60

Certificate structure

Each certificate in the chain has the following structure (padded to 0x40). Because the offsets and lengths of the data varies depending on the signature and key length the letter "x" represents the signature length, and the letter "y" represents the key length here:

Start Length Description
0x000 4 Signature type
0x004 x Signature of the data after the issuer by the parent's key
0x040 + x 64 Issuer
0x080 + x 4 Key type
0x084 + x 64 Child Certificate Identity
0x0c4 + x y Public Key (see Key Types)
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