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− | == WAD Format == | + | :''This article is about Wii software packaging. For the data files used by Doom, see [[WiiDoom]].'' |
| + | ==General info== |
| + | The WAD file-format is a file-format that contains information for the Wii, such as System Menus, IOS's, and Channels. |
| + | ===Piracy=== |
| + | Unfortunately, WAD files are often used to distribute pirated channels (both Virtual Console and WiiWare), due to the fact that they are also used by Nintendo and therefore easy to rip from the Wii and, for some WAD files, Nintendo's servers, and easy to create installers for. Wiibrew does not in any way endorse piracy, and as such these uses of WAD files should not be discussed. |
| | | |
− | The data within a WAD file has the following format.
| + | If you wish to discuss legitimate WAD files, please ensure you make clear which file you are talking about and what you will use it for, to prevent people jumping to conclusions about your intentions. |
| + | |
| + | == System Menu == |
| + | WAD files are often installed in the Wii System Menu to appear as channels, making launching easier. If a WiiBrew app isn't installed as a channel, it can usually only be launched from the Homebrew Channel itself. WAD file creation seems to be an intricate process and tools are difficult to locate, and most are based on the .NET framework. Associated with WAD file generation are forwarders, which when loaded simply load another arbitrary application. A common technique is to use a somewhat generalized WAD that can be easily customized to then forward to another WiiBrew application stored on the SD card. |
| | | |
− | '''<span style="color: red;">This page is horribly out of date. Expect an update when the dust of recent events settles.</span>'''
| + | Wii System Channel WAD files exist for WiiMC, ftpii, and numerous others. |
| | | |
− | === Header ===
| + | Forwarders are somewhat easier to locate, a common one being the Narolez-NForwarder, for which source exists and is easily modifiable. One WAD generation system that still appears to be active is the CRAP system that appears to be .NET based. The Wadder system also seemed to be .NET based but it appears abandoned. Although these tools are often associated with piracy, there are clearly legitimate uses for them as well. |
| | | |
− | {| style="border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"
| + | The WAD files themselves contain either still images or a collection of images to be animated, as well as sound data. In addition there is a .DOL file for the program to be run when launched. |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;"
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #cdc;" | '''Start'''
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ccd;" | '''End'''
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ccc;" | '''Length'''
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dcc;" | '''Description'''
| |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;"
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | 0x000
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | 0x003
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | 4
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | Header size = 0x0020
| |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;"
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | 0x004
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | 0x007
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | 4
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | Header type (0x49730000 or 0x69620000)
| |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;"
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | 0x008
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | 0x00B
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | 4
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | [[Certificate chain]] size.
| |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;"
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | 0x00C
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | 0x00F
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | 4
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | Reserved = 0
| |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;"
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | 0x010
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | 0x013
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | 4
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | [[Ticket]] size
| |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;"
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | 0x014
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | 0x017
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | 4
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | [[Tmd file structure]] size
| |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;"
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | 0x018
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | 0x01B
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | 4
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | APP size
| |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;"
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | 0x01C
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | 0x01F
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | 4
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | Trailer size
| |
− | |}
| |
| | | |
− | The files are stored in the WAD in the same order that in the header. After each block (header, files), the file is aligned to 0x40 bytes. | + | == '''WAD Format''' == |
| + | The data within a WAD file has the following format. |
| | | |
| Thanks to Segher for his [http://git.infradead.org/users/segher/wii.git?a=blob_plain;f=zeventig.c;hb=HEAD source]. | | Thanks to Segher for his [http://git.infradead.org/users/segher/wii.git?a=blob_plain;f=zeventig.c;hb=HEAD source]. |
| | | |
− | === Chain of Certificates === | + | === Header === |
− | | |
− | '''<span style="color: red;">It's recommended to read the [[Certificate chain]] article and using the header information instead of that info and constant offsets.</span>'''
| |
| | | |
− | {| style="border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;" | + | {| class="wikitable" |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;" | + | |- |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #cdc;" | '''Start'''
| + | ! '''Start''' |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ccd;" | '''End'''
| + | ! '''End''' |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ccc;" | '''Length'''
| + | ! '''Length''' |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dcc;" | '''Description'''
| + | ! '''Description''' |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;" | + | |- |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | 0x040 | + | | 0x000 |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | 0x043 | + | | 0x003 |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | 4
| + | | 4 |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | signature type (0x00010001 RSA2048, 0x00010000 RSA4096) | + | | Header size = 0x0020 |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;" | + | |- |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | 0x044 | + | | 0x004 |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | 0x143+d | + | | 0x007 |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | 256 for RSA2048 (d=0x000), 512 for RSA4096 (d=0x100) | + | | 4 |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | signature
| + | | WAD Type ('Is\0\0' or 'ib\0\0' or 'Bk\0\0') |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;"
| + | |- |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | 0x144+d
| + | | 0x008 |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | 0x17F+d
| + | | 0x00B |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | 60
| + | | 4 |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | zero filled
| + | | [[Certificate chain]] size. |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;" | + | |- |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | 0x180+d | + | | 0x00C |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | 0x1BF+d | + | | 0x00F |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | 64 | + | | 4 |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | issuer | + | | Reserved = 0 |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;" | + | |- |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | 0x1C0+d | + | | 0x010 |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | 0x1C3+d | + | | 0x013 |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | 4
| + | | 4 |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | ? subject type (0x00000000, 0x00000001) | + | | [[Ticket]] size |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;" | + | |- |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | 0x1C4+d | + | | 0x014 |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | 0x203+d | + | | 0x017 |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | 64 | + | | 4 |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | subject | + | | [[Tmd file structure|TMD]] size |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;" | + | |- |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | 0x204+d | + | | 0x018 |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | 0x307+d | + | | 0x01B |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | 260 | + | | 4 |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | ? public key | + | | Data (APP) size |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;" | + | |- |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | 0x308+d | + | | 0x01C |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | 0x30B+d | + | | 0x01F |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | 4
| + | | 4 |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | ?? unknown (0x00010001) | + | | Footer size |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;" | |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | 0x30C+d
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | 0x33F+d | |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | 52 | |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | zero filled | |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;" | |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | ...
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | ...
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | ...
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | ...
| |
| |} | | |} |
| | | |
− | === Key and IV ===
| + | The sections are stored in the WAD in the same order that in the header. Each block (header, sections) is aligned to 0x40 bytes. |
− | | |
− | '''<span style="color: red;">It's recommended to read the [[Ticket]] article and using the header information instead of that info and constant offsets.</span>'''
| |
− | | |
− | {| style="border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"
| |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;"
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #cdc;" | '''Start'''
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ccd;" | '''End'''
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ccc;" | '''Length'''
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dcc;" | '''Description'''
| |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;"
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | 0x0bff
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | 0x0c0e
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | 0x0010
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | Encrypted title key (decrypt using the master key)
| |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;"
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | 0x0c1c
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | 0x0c23
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | 0x0008
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | First 8 bytes of IV for title key decryption (last 8 bytes are zero)
| |
− | |}
| |
− | | |
− | To obtain the title key, simply decrypt it using the master key and the given IV (last eight bytes zero, first eight bytes supplied).
| |
− | | |
− | Note: this is probably part of the TMD/ticket/whatever. I'm throwing the offsets here for now, since this is arguably the most important part for extraction purposes.
| |
− | | |
− | === File Table ===
| |
− | | |
− | '''<span style="color: red;">It's recommended to read the [[TMD file structure]] article and using the header information instead of that info and constant offsets.</span>'''
| |
− | | |
− | WAD files contain a number of "files" in them. The number of files can be obtained from the halfword (2 bytes) at 0xede. The table itself starts at 0xee4, and it is composed of a number of file entries:
| |
− | | |
− | {| style="border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"
| |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;"
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #cdc;" | '''Start'''
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ccd;" | '''End'''
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ccc;" | '''Length'''
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dcc;" | '''Description'''
| |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;"
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | 0x00
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | 0x03
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | 0x04
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | File number / ID
| |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;"
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | 0x04
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | 0x05
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | 0x02
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | First 2 bytes of IV to decrypt contents (last 14 bytes are zero)
| |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;"
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | 0x06
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | 0x07
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | 0x02
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | Flags ?
| |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;"
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | 0x08
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | 0x0B
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | 0x04
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | Padding (zero)
| |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;"
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | 0x0C
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | 0x0F
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | 0x04
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | File size
| |
− | |- style="background-color: #ddd;"
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ded;" | 0x10
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #dde;" | 0x24
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #ddd;" | 0x14
| |
− | | style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0.2em; background-color: #edd;" | SHA-1 sum of decrypted file
| |
− | |}
| |
| | | |
− | The files are located after the file table, with their starts aligned to a 64 byte boundary. To read a file, skip bytes until the next 64 byte boundary (unless already at one), read the ''File size'' bytes rounded to the next 16 bytes (the AES block size), decrypt using AES (using the title key and the IV in the file table entry plus 14 zero bytes), and take filesize bytes from the result to create the output file. The SHA-1 sum of this should match the one in the file table. | + | The contents are stored in the WAD in the same order as in the TMD. Each file is aligned to 0x40 bytes. |
| | | |
− | === APP ===
| + | The contents (Data section) are encrypted using the title key (decrypt it from the [[ticket]]) and the content index (in the TMD, the 2 first bytes of the IV are the index, the last 14 bytes are zeroes) as IV. The SHA1 of the decrypted content must match the hash that is stored in the TMD. |
− | The "APP" block in the WAD is a block of encrypted data that contains the info that is actually used by the channel. | |
| | | |
− | The contents in the APP are referenced by the TMD. The file is aligned to 64 bytes after each file.
| + | In a hex editor, the beginning of any WAD will be 00 00 00 20 49 73. This can be useful to remove a WAD from an ELF file. |
| | | |
− | The files are encrypted using the title key (from the ticket) and the file index (in the TMD, the 2 first bytes of the IV are the index, the last 14 bytes are zeroes) as IV. | + | === Footer === |
| + | The "footer" is an optional, unencrypted timestamp / buildstamp. |
| | | |
− | To get the title key, you need to decrypt it from the ticket.
| |
| | | |
− | === Trailer ===
| + | {{stub}} |
− | The "trailer" is a copy of the first file in the APP.
| + | [[Category:Software]] |
| + | [[Category:File formats]] |